Anonymous Semilibral Quartuncis, Struck Rome, 217 to 215 BC, Cr 38/8

Anonymous Semilibral Quartuncis, Struck

Rome, 217 to 215 BC, Cr 38/8

Roman Republican AE, Anonymous, Semilibral, Quartuncis, Struck

Rome 217 to 215 BC

Obv – helmeted head of Roma, R, wearing an Attic helmet with peaked visor, wearing ear ring of one drop

Rev – Prow right, above ROMA, note the structure above deck on this boat is at about a 30 degree angle. At first I thought it might be double struck, but that is the design. I guess the Romans wanted rain to flow off the front of the pilot house.

3.24 grams; 15.4 X 16.1X 0.24 mm; 9h

Crawford – 38/8, this group is based on an As of 128 grams. 128 / 48 = 2.67

BMCRR – Rome 169, Grueber notes that D’Ailly of the British Museum was the first to recognize this denomination. Babelon and Mommsen did not have this denomination. BMCRR lists 16 examples with a weight range of 1.88 to 4.28 grams, Avg Wt = 3.01 g, St Dev = 0.71; Avg Dia = 16.0.

Sydenham – 88 or 110, Syd calls the obverse Bellona, the Roman War Goddess, and gives a weight range of 4.3 to 2 grams for #88 and 4.3 to 1.9 grams for #110. Syd says the only difference in 88 & 110 is weight.

Sear – 624, Sear comments the QU is the smallest RR denomination and was issued only briefly during the Semilibral period, 217 to 215 BC. With declines in RR bronze coin weights, the denomination ceased, never to be resumed.

Albert die Munzen der Romischen Republik – #110, This book arrived this week. I will have to use Google translate until I learn more German!

·         Obv - Romakopf mit attischem Helm; in German

·         Obv - Roma head with Attic helmet; translated to English

·         Rev – Prow right, in ex ROMA 

RBW – 110

This coin is one of 8 I bought at a coin show yesterday that were in old envelopes. Ex. an old hoard from off the Italian Coast; Elsen 37, 12/17/94, #227. Seven of the eight were RR bronze coins and one Spanish AE Semis.

I found over 100 examples of this coin on line, but stopped entering data at 62:

Weight	3.24
Weight - max	4.28
Weight - min	1.88
Weight - avg	2.95
Weight - st dev	0.53
Number	62
Diameter - max	16.1	2.4 mm thick
Diameter - min	15.4
Diameter - max	17.78
Diameter - min	14.00
Diameter - avg	15.57
Diam - st dev	0.82

It is interesting that the 3 major catalogers identify the obverse differently: 

Grueber - Roma in Athenian helmet

Sydenham - Bellona, Roman war goddess

Crawford - Roma in Attic helmet

Sear - Roma in crested Attic helmet

I found another Cr 38/8 with similar patina in LAC Auction 43, lot 164; May 21, 2014.

If anyone has information on this hoard, please let me know. I did not see the hoard from off the Italian Coast mentioned in Crawford's RR Coin Hoards.

Cast Sextans and Quadrans from the 5th to 4th century BC

A couple of interesting cast pieces arrived recently:

This cast bar is about the size of a Sextans or 1/6 th of a Roman pound. I have seen them called Aes Rude (that is how this one was advertised), Aes Formatum (or a cast bar with no features) and a currency bar (Italo Vecchi, Italian Cast Coinage). I like the term Aes Formatum best. 

The bar is 30 mm wide X 38 mm long X 7 mm thick and weighs 53.3 grams. It was attributed to Latium or Campania in the 5th or 4th century BC.

There was a lot of variation in the weights of cast coins. I feel comfortable saying this bar at 53.3 grams was about the size of an older Sextans. For comparison with other bronze pieces, see below.

From top left, clockwise:
Broken bronze knife, 49.5 grams
Cast bar with lines, 37.7 grams
Sextans, TV 40, 38.5 grams
Small Ramo Secco bar piece, 48.8 grams - note this is a side view
"New" bar, 53.3 grams

a piece of a bronze ax that is about the size of a Quadrans (the one on the left)

This piece weighs 80.8 grams and is 59 mm long.

Aes Formatum Palm Tree, Triangular Bar and Tear Drop Shapes

Aes Formatum Palm Tree, Triangular Bar and Tear Drop Shapes

Two interesting cast bronze pieces arrived this week. The top photo shows them next to the Currency Bar I described below.

 Ramo Secco Bar (826 grams)

Palm Shaped cast plate (29.3 grams)

Triangular Bar (14.9 grams)

The palm shaped bronze piece was described as an Aes Formatum from Central Italy (Etruria or Lazio) produced in the 6th to 4th centuries BC. I found five examples on line of sales, including mine. I did not find any in reference books for Roman Republican coins or Italian Cast bronze (Crawford, RRC; Gruber, BMCRR (or BMC on line); Sydenham, AG or CRR; Sear; Thurlow & Vecci, ICC&AG; Vecci, ICC; Haberline, AG; Garrucci, LMDIA; Kircheriano, AG; Alteri, AGL; etc. I did not find any offered by NAC or CNG.

	Seller	L, mm	W, mm	T, mm	Wt, gr	Price $	Comments
1	MHSL	65.5	23.5	6	29.34		mine
2	MHSL, AA				21.66	181
3	MHSL				12.83	130
4	ROMA	78	30		90.4	263
5	AA				22.5	105	Hammer price in euro
6	MSHL				22.2  17.7		I found two more in a blog

The seller had enough information to identify this one from Central Italy (Etruria or Lazio) to the 6th to 4th century BC. I do not find a reference book (or web site) with this piece.

The seller's description:

Aes Formatum. Siglos VI-IV a.C. ETRURIA o LAZIO. Anv.: Elemento en forma de palmera. 29,34 grs. AE. Ø 65x24 mm. Pátina marrón. (Pequeñas concreciones oscuras). MBC.

The seller's description:

Celtiberian, Copper Ingot, Centuries BC-AD PREMONEDAS IN HISPANIA. Anv .: Ingot triangular. 14.92 grams. AE. Ø 35x12 mm. Dark patina. AB-P.34. MBC.

I found more examples sales of this type of bronze online and examples in one book:

Garrucci – Table VI #5 & #6

This tear drop shaped piece was described as an Aes Formatum from Central Italy (Etruria or Lazio) produced in the 6th to 4th centuries BC. I found four examples on line of sales, including mine. I did not find any in reference books for Roman Republican coins, but I did find an example in Vecchi, Italian Cast Coinage. 

Vecci, ICC – pg 90, #6

The seller's description:

AES Formatum 49 mm . long. VI- IV centuries B.C. ETRURIA or LAZIO . 48.10 grams. AE . Green patina . I. Vecchi Nummorum auctioned by 1999. Auctiones similar piece of different dimensions. EBC .

Soler y Llach Auction International S.A.

Ramo Secco, Currency Bar; CENTRAL ITALY, Emilia(?): 6th to 4th century BC

I added a currency bar ,with markings, I have been wanting for a while.

Roman Republican Ramo Secco Currency Bar (Aes Signatum)

CENTRAL ITALY, Emilia(?): 6^th to 4^th century BC

Fragment of a bronze ingot, on both sides branch with no leaves.

AE. 826 grams; Length = 62 mm, Width = 77 mm, Height = 36 mm

Thurlow-Vecchi AS1.

Vecchi – 3.1

HNI – pg 45 – highly ferruginous bars made apparently from 6^th century in southern Etruria, Emilia and occasionally Sicily.

Grueber – lists 2 bars, but not RS

Cr – lists bars, but not RS

Syd AG – not in Sydenham

Haberline – pg 10 – 19; plates 4 – 6

Garrucci – Table VII, IX & X

The Ramo Secco cast ingots are the most common of the cast bars. They are normally found in fragments and subdivisions. They weigh anywhere from 500 grams to 2000 grams and often have weak or missing designs. 

Country	Umbria
Type or era	Cent Italy Cast
Coin type	Currency Bar
Mint	Emilia
Issued by	Anon TV AS1
Issued by	anonymous
Title of issuer
Mint Date, BC	-500	6th to 4th cent BC
Weight, grams	826
Weight - max	1,865
Weight - min	32
Weight - avg	694
Weight - st dev	385
Number	19
Length, mm	61.0
Width, mm	77.0
Thick, mm	36.0
Length, mm
Width, mm
Thick, mm
Metal	AE
Serrated	N
Cr	TV AS1
BMCRR	V 3.1
Sear: #, VF, EF
RSC: #, VF, EF
CRR / AG
HNI	pg 45
Haberline	Pg 10-19, Plate 4-6
Garrucci	Pg 5-8; Table VII, IX, X

Overstrikes, Brockages, Die Clashes and other minting errors on Roman Republican Coins

Roman Republican Mint Errors

I recently purchased two bronze RR coins with minting errors. The first is the easiest to see and is an excellent example of a Roman Republican Sextans struck over an AE 16 from Campania, Neapolis; HNI-595. This coin is not a mint "error", but more like re-purposing of a coin struck by another authority. The second is a dot error because a quadrans should have 3 dots and this one has 4 dots on the reverse. I am not sure if the extra dot is because a triens reverse was mated with a quadrans obverse, or an extra dot was added in error. I have looked and not found a die match for the quadrans reverse.

Left coin - I found examples of coins similar to the over and under type on acsearch and posted pics below. finding exact matches is difficult because both coins have several designs

Under Type (http://www.artcoinsroma.it/)

AE-16, Campania, Neapolis, 250-229 BC

Obv - Laureate head of Apollo left,

Rev - Man-faced bull (Achelous?) facing right being crowned by Nike flying right.

HNItaly 595; According to HNI, Neapolis struck coins from about 450 to 225 BC. Bronze issued started about 350 BC and coins of this type were issued in two groups: from 275 to 250 BC and from 250 to 225 BC.  

History Numorum by B Head – Neapolis is covered on pg 38 – 40. He comments that small silver coinage was replaced by bronze coinage in about 340 BC.

SNG ANS 502 (I can not find this coin on the ANS web site and do not have the book.)

2.86 grams, 15 X 17 mm oval, 4 h

Over Type (romanumismatics.com)

Anonymous AE Sextans of reduced weight

Mint – uncertain

Mint date – uncertain, but after 211 BC

Obverse - Head of Mercury right; above, [two pellets].

Reverse - Prow right; above, ROMA; below, two pellets.

Cr. 56/6 or later

Andrew McCabe (essays Russo) – type G or H. On page 176, He mentions a 2.52 gram Sextans overstruck on an Apollo/Man-Headed-Bull bronze coin of Neapolis. 

2.86 grams, 15 X 17 mm, 6 h, Reddish-brown tone. VF.

Overstruck on a Neapolis AE of circa 250-225 BC (as SNG ANS 502) with undertypes fully visible. A rare and very interesting example.

Four Dot Quadrans

Anonynous AE Quadrans, of reduced weight, after 211 BC.

Obverse - Head of Hercules right, wearing lion's skin; behind, three pellets.

Reverse - ROMA. Prow right; below four (sic) pellets.

3.11 grams, 19 mm

Cr. 56/5 var. RR. Apparently unpublished. Brown patina. VF. An anomalous and enigmatic example, with four pellets on reverse.

C.SAX AND SAX 4 dots or something else?

Two recent additions to my collection that may have been minted by brothers (according to Crawford).
Look at the pic on the lower right and tell me what you think you see. I do not see 4 dots like described in my references and by NAC in Auction 78 # 396, the JD collection. I looked several pages before and after this coin in Crawford and found only one Triens with something other than 4 dots in front of the prow, Cr 206/4, which has a dolphin in front of all bronze prows. Did the celator use the symbol of an As, I, and then add feathering to change the look?

top two on right Cr 173/3 - 
Triens circa 169-158, Æ 21.5mm., 7.34g. Weight standard based on as of 31.5 grams.
Obv - Helmeted head of Minerva, [above, four pellets]
Rev. Prow r.; above, C·SAX ligate and before, four pellets. Below ROMA.
Babelon Clovia ?. Sydenham 360b. Crawford 173/3.
Rare. Brown tone, minor areas of weakness, otherwise Good Very Fine
Ex NAC sale R, 2007, 1280 and ex NAC sale 78, 2014, 396. From the JD collection.
Crawford notes the design of the of the prow uses two straight lines with dots on the top line like a railing. This feature starts with Cr 173 and continues to Cr 178. Cr 179, Cr 180 and onward have an additional feature.
This coin looks like it has a palm frond or feather in front of the prow instead of the normal 4 dots??

top two on left Cr 180/3 - 
SAX, Likely a younger brother of C. (Cluvius) Sax(ula), Cr.173.
Triens circa 169-158, Æ 23.8mm., 12.7g. Weight standard based on as of 31.5 grams.
Obv - Helmeted head of Minerva, above four pellets
Rev. Prow r.; above, SAX ligate and before, four pellets. Below ROMA.
Babelon Clovia ?; Sydenham 361d; Crawford 180/3.
Rare. Brown tone, well centered, Very Fine

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica Mint – Africa; 47 to 46 BC Cr. 461/1

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica

Mint – Africa; 47 to 46 BC

Cr. 461/1

Roman Republican silver denarius, 47 - 46 BC

Military mint traveling with Scipio in Africa

Issued for Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, Imperator and leader of army of Senate fighting Julius Caesar

Issued by Marcus Eppius, Legatus flandum curavit - or legate of camp treasury which implies the mint was a military one. Sear in CRI notes this is the only coin to use this title.

Obv - Head of Africa right wearing elephant's skin; grain ear before, plow below; to right - Q METELL; to left - [SCIPIO IMP]; the elephant-skin headgear represents Scipio’s African imperium.

Rev - Hercules standing facing; holding right hand on hip and with left hand holding club that is draped with a lion’s skin, [resting on rock], to right – [EPPIVS], to left - LEG F C

3.96 grams; 16.5 / 17.2 mm, slightly oval; off center 0.5 mm or 3% on obv and 2.5 mm or 15% on rev

EF

Well struck from new obverse and older reverse dies.

Obverse art work is good. Reverse die is less so. Hercules looks a bit like Jimmy Durante.

Flan is too small to hold art work. On obverse SCIOIO IMP and top part of elephant are off flan. On reverse EPPIVS, Hercules feet and the rock are off flan.

Crawford – 461/1

Grueber – Africa 10 – 14, 10 & 11 are large head

Sear, RCV – 1380/1 (large head) & 1380/2 (small head)

Sear, Imperators – 44

Sydenham – 1051

RBW - 1605

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, was a consul with Pompeius in 52 BC, the year he arranged the marriage of his newly widowed daughter to him. He was a strong supporter of the rights of Patricians (the traditional ruling class) against new men who were Plebians (free men who were not Patricians). His father fought on the winning side of Sula against the Marians. He fought unsuccessfully on the side of Pompey against Julius Caesar.

Patricians were historically afforded more privileges than plebeians. They were better represented in the Roman assemblies. The Comitia Centuriata, the main legislative body, was divided into 193 voting centuriae, or centuries. The first two houses, consisting largely of patricians, together had 98 centuriae, a number which was enough to obtain a majority, despite the fact that they were fewer in number. That meant that if the patricians acted in concord, they could always determine the result of the voting of the people's assembly. So, although it was not forbidden for plebeians to hold magistracies, the patricians dominated the political scene for centuries.

He had consuls all over his family tree:

father - Publius Cornelius Scipio (Cons 80 BC) was the son of P Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio (Cons 111BC).

mother - Licinia Crassa daughter of L Licinius Crassus (Cons 95 BC)

adopted son of Q Caecilius Metellus Pius - (Cons 80 BC), Metellus Pius helped Pompey defeat Sertorius who led a rebellion in Spain

wife - Aemilia Lepida, daughter of Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livanus (Cons 77 BC). He was engaged to Aemilia, broke the engagement and then decided to marry her after Cato proposed. This made an enemy of Cato, the great orator.

daughter - first married son of consul, and when first husband died, married Pompey (who had previously been married to Julius Caesar's daughter).

Distant relative (by adoption?) of Scipio Africanus – several generations and too confusing for me to understand and relate here.

Ronald Syme called him "the last Scipio of any consequence in Roman history."

Classical scholar John H. Collins said Metellus Scipio was as personally despicable and as politically reactionary as they come. He was honorable only in death. Having lost his armies in two battles in Africa, he fled in a ship, but was driven back upon the African coast by a head-wind and saw his ship in the power of the enemy. He committed suicide by piercing his body with a sword; and when they asked where the commander was, he replied: ' Imperator se bene habet' (or "All is well with the commander.") In death, Metellus Scipio achieved an uncharacteristic dignity, worthy of his great forebears. 

During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), he remained a staunch optimate (supporter of Patrician rights). He led troops against Caesar's forces, mainly in the battles of Pharsalus and Thapsus, where he was defeated.