AES Signatum with marks - Ramo Secco and Punched

I added several pieces of cast bronze to my collection this year. The bars with marks are especially interesting. Pictured below are my pieces and some I found on line or in books. I will note where the pieces are not mine.

the mark on this piece is an X with a circle at the center and dots at the ends

a side view of the bar shows a thick casting seam

The seller's pics.

Central Italy AES Signatum (bronze currency bar) with punched inscriptions: X and C (crescent)

Late 4^th to early 3^rd century BC per seller, dating per T&V page 16. Vecchi in ICC dates counter-stamped aes rude and cast bars 7^th to 3^rd century BC. “Interesting bronze lumps countermarked with a cross and crescent, probably symbolizing the sun and moon..”

Fragment of an originally rectangular bronze bar, decoration indeterminate. The full bar was 68mm wide and part of the bar is this width. The small part is only 36mm wide. Length is 27 to 67 mm and thickness is 30 mm. The edge seams on one side is 15mm (or about 50% of the thickness) and only 6mm (20%) on the other side.  

Condition: Green patina, fragmentary, 597 grams

 Aes Signatum Fragment with Symbol

Roman Republic, 3rd century BC (vendor's date). The vendor did not suggest a mint, but placed the piece in his RR section. Per Vecchi, ICC, I say Central Italy from the 7th to 3rd century BC.

Aes Signatum fragment with incuse symbol, C or crescent moon

22.39 grams

25.29 X 23.36 X 6.5 mm

I have three punched aes rude from previous years. The first pic shows the pieces on G. Garrucci, Le Lemonete Del'Italia Antica; Table LXVII.

Roman Republic AES Signatum fragment with symbol, +

Third century BC (seller's date)

48.6 grams

RR

This piece is more irregular than the two pieces above.

Repubblica Romana. III sec. a.C. Aes Signatum. Frammento con simbolo Astro. Peso 48,60 gr. RR.

  Pages from some of my books showing symbols.

 T&V, Plate 2; see symbol on piece third row from top and 2nd from right.

Vecchi, ICC has several pieces in in Table 1. 

Other examples I have seen on line:

piece from auction by Agora

piece from auction by Agora

Aes Rude shown on CoinTalk by ancientcoinguru 

piece from auction by Elsen

piece from auction by Roma

piece from auction by Roma

piece from auction by Roma

Ramo Secco Fragment

Ramo Secco. AE Ingot (Fragment) Northern or Central Italy, c. 4.-3. Century. v. Border piece of a bar with branch pattern. I have several pieces of RS bar pieces and this one has the best pattern. 

dimensions -  51 mm x 44 mm x 30 mm

255 grams 

Thurlow / Vecchi AS 1

A drawing titled Ramo Secco, or dry branches.

my other RS bars

The bar on the right is "unmarked", and was purchased this year also.

AES SIGNATUM. Fragment of an originally rectangular bronze bar, decoration indeterminate.

L = 25 mm

W = 50 mm

T = 18 mm

Wt. = 220g

Thurlow-Vecchi  Pg.16.