C.EGNAATIVS.CN.G.C.NN.MAXSVMVS Cr-391/2 75BC

C.EGNATIVS.CN.F.CNN. MAXSVMVS.

Cr-391/2; 76 BC

Roman Republican AR denarius, 76 BC

C. Egnatius Cn.f. Cn.n. Maximus

Obv - bare-headed and winged bust of cupid; bow and quiver of arrows over shoulder; behind – MAXSVMVS (archaic for MAXIMVS)

Rev - Jupiter with staff and Libertas with outstreached hands in distyle temple; above Jupiter thunderbolt; above Libertas - pileus; in ex and around - C.EGNATIVS.CN.F.C.NN

19.7 mm, 3.90 g, 6 h

Crawford 391/2

Sydenham 788

RSC / Bab Egnatia 3

aVF, off center.

The Egnatio gens was of Samnite origin and moved to Rome after the Social War.

Cicero mentions a Cn. Engatius of somewhat disreputable character who was admitted to the Senate and was subsequently expelled.

Country	Roman
Type or era	Roman Republican
Coin type	Denarius
Mint	Rome
Issued by	C.EGANTIVS
Issued by	C.EGANTIVS.CN.F.C.NN.MAXSVMVS
Title of issuer	moneyer
Mint Date	-75
Weight	3.90
Diameter - max	19.8
Diameter - min	18.5
Metal	AR
Serrated	N
Cr	391/2
BMCRR	3276 - 3284
Sear: #, VF, EF	325
Bab	Egnatia 3
CRR	788
Orientation	7
Purchase date	1/17/2015
Grade	aVF
Grade	aVF
Centering	obv is 26% off center and part of Cupid's face is off flan, reverse is about 10% off flan. All features but control number are on reverse.
Strike	strike is good where on flan
Flan flaws	none
Style	good style
Patination	light
Damage	none
Obverse	Cupid
Reverse	Jupiter & Libertas
Obverse	Cupid with bow and quiver over shoulder; behind - MAXSVMVS
Reverse	Jupiter with staff and Libertas with outstreached hands in distyle temple; above Jupiter thunderbolt; above Libertas - pileus; in ex and around - C.EGNATIVS.CN.F.C.NN
Obverse dies	20
Reverse dies	25
Notes:   1	The Egnatio gens was of Samnite origin and moved to Rome after the Social War.
2	Cicero mentions a Cn. Engatius of somewhat disreputable character who was admitted to the Senate and was subsequently expelled.

Anonymous Quinarius, Cr 47/1. uncertain mint

Roman Republican Anonymous. AR Quinarius. 

after 211 BC. 

Obv. Head of Roma right, V behind. 

Rev. The Dioscuri galloping right; in exergue, ROMA in linear frame. 

Cr 47/1. 

BMCRR Rome 195

Sydenham 192

RBW 183 - 184

on line British Museum 47.1.1-4 

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/online_research_catalogues/rrc/roman_republican_coins.aspx

AR. g. 2.12 mm. 16.00 Struck with rusty dies. EF.

Country	Roman
Type or era	Roman Republican
Coin type	Quinarius
Mint	Unknown (Crawford) Rome (Grueber)
Issued by	Anon
Issued by	Anon
Title of issuer	moneyer
Mint Date	-211
Weight	2.12
Diameter - max	16
Metal	AR
Serrated	N
Cr	47/1
BMCRR	195
CRR	192 or 141
Orientation	7
Purchase date	9/12/2015
Grade	EF
Centering	obv well centered, rev 13% off center. Only half of one Dioscuri star is off coin.
Strike	good strike, reverse looks good, obverse looks lightly struck, but Gruber notes these coins are in low relief
Flan flaws	die rust, flow lines
Style	excellent gryphon, Roma and Dioscuri typical
Patination	light
Damage	none
Obverse	Roma
Reverse	Dioscuri
Obverse	Roma wearing winged helmet ornameted with gryphon's head, the visor in 3 pieces, straight lines with slight bend at end, single drop ear ring, double necklace; behind V, border dots
Reverse	Dioscuri on horseback holding lances with stars above heads, In Ex - ROMA on tablet
Obverse dies	20
Reverse dies	25

A cast coin from Umbria, Tuder - TV-167

A cast Sextans from Umbria, Tuder - Cicada / Trident

TV-167; 220 - 200 BC

11.45 grams / 21 mm

Cast coins circulated in Central Italy until Rome's second Carthaginian war. By that time, bronze was scarce and the weight of the base unit, the As, had dropped from 300 grams to 50 grams or less. Bronze fractions of the As dropped in weight also. Tuder was an independent city and issued coins with a weight standard similar to Rome's. This coin was issued late in the cycle.
This coin is not recorded in Roman Republican books Crawford or Sear. It is listed in books on cast coins by Vecchi, Thurlow & Vecchi, Sydenham, Haberline and Garrucci. It is in HN Italy also. I have digital copies of Haberline & Garrucci. See a previous post for a place to download the books. Haberline had 8 pictures of this coin type and reported weights for 124 coins in his book. The average weight of the heaviest 26 coins was 50 grams. The lightest 98 coins averaged 18 grams. Only two were lighter than my coin. When I looked on line today, 3 of 7 coins I found were lighter than mine.

Country	Umbria
Type or era	Cent Italy Cast
Coin type	AES Grave Uncia
Mint	Tuder
Issued by	Anon TV 167
Issued by	anonymous
Title of issuer
Mint Date, BC	-220	-220 to -200
Weight, grams	11.45
Weight - max	17.95	50.18
Weight - min	10.40	32.5
Weight - avg	13.900	42.64	equal to As of 83.4 / 242.8
Weight - st dev	98.000	26
Number
Diameter - max	20.9
Diameter - min	20.8
Diameter - max
Diameter - min
Diameter - avg
Diameter - st dev
Metal	AE
Serrated	N
Cr	TV 167	TV 161 is the same but larger and older
BMCRR	V 226	V 220 is the same but larger and older
Sear: #, VF, EF
RSC: #, VF, EF
CRR / AG	AG 225	AG 38 is the same but larger and older
CRI	HNI 49	HNI 44 is the same but larger and older
NMWar	Hab Pl 81, 23-26
NMCr	Gar Pl LV, 9
Orientation
Orientation
Purchased from	Baldwins
Purchase date
Price
Currency	GBP
Excahange rate	1.518
Grade
Grade	VF
Centering	well centered
Strike	cast
Flan flaws	small piece missing where broken from mold
Style	typical, crude artwork for small cast coin
Patination	brown
Damage	none
Obverse	Cicada	Sydenham says fly in AG.
Reverse	Trident
Obverse	Cicada with two dots, one on either side
Reverse	Trident with two dots to R and Vt to left. Haeberline gives 3 forms to the second letter: t, y, r (approximately)
Examples Haeberline	98	Haberline had two groups.
The earlier group was larger and older. Mine was small and later.

My best provenance

I found a few treasures at a local coin show yesterday. I liked this one as a coin, but also because of its provenance - Ex John Quincy Adams collection! I paid a bit more than the $37.50 price on the tag to the right. 
I googled the sale of Adam's collection by Stacks and found an auction catalog. Now I have to decide If I am willing to pay another $80 for that catalog.

References for Roman Republican coins

I bought my first Roman coin in the 8^th grade. It was a Gallienus with a stag reverse, see below. I bought my second ancient coin after my children graduated from college, about 31 years later. It took some time to decide a collecting area. I became a Friend of the Rice library. They have an excellent selection of ancient coin books. I remember working hard to get the right RIC # for several 3^rd century coins. When I decided to concentrate on RR coins, I started buying books. For the first couple of years, I spent about as much on books as I did on coins. I have the following list and a few more. My thoughts on references for collectors of Roman Republican coins and pre-coin money are:

·         Roman Republican Coinage, Michael Crawford, 1974, two volumes. This is the standard reference and by far the best book on the subject.

o   Crawford has several other books that should be added later.

·         Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, H. A. Grueber, 1910 (reprinted in 1970), three volumes. Lots of interesting facts / stories to go with descriptions of the coins. I use Grueber for history and stories to supplement the information in Crawford. A good companion for this book is the British Museum web site listing of their coins. http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/online_research_catalogues/rrc/roman_republican_coins.aspx

·         The History and Coinage of the Roman Imperators 49 – 27 BC, David R Sear, 1998. The go to book for the Imperatorial period.

·         Italian Cast Coinage, Bradbury Thurlow and Italo Vecchi, 1979. The go to book for cast Roman Republican / Italian coins.

o   Italian Cast Coinage, Italo Vecchi, 2013. Revised with some new information and better pictures.

·         Roman Coins and their Values (Republic and 12 Caesars), David R Sear, 2000 (older versions can be found for lower prices). One of the Sear books is a good starting place for a new collector.

·         Roman Silver Coins, Volume I, Republic to Augustus, H A Seaby, 1967. Later publications are by David R Sear. I have an older version because it was $10.

·         The Coinage of the Roman Republic, Edward A Sydenham, 1952 (reprinted in 1975 & 1995). Sydenham numbers are still found in many auctions.

o   Aes Grave, Edward A Sydenham, 1926. An excellent reference, but not available and a bit pricey.

o   Collection of E A Sydenham, Aes Grave … This 1974 reprint of a 1928 auction catalog written in French has some excellent pictures. I am reminded that being mono-lingual is a problem when collecting coins produced in Europe.

·         Coins of the Roman Republic in the National Museum of Warsaw, Janina Wiercinska, 1996. I used this book a lot when I started collecting. It lists many of the common RR coins and has good pictures. It was helpful before pictures became more available on the internet. If I ran across a coin that did not have an attribution, I would start with this book.

·         http://www.acsearch.info/ This web site lists coins sold by over 100 companies. The pictures are exceptional. A good fraction of the coins are high end and the prices are thus skewed. You need to have a good guess to start searching, or finding something in 2.5 million files can be overwhelming.

·         http://www.cngcoins.com/Coins_sold.aspx CNG has sold ancient coins for many years and has a good archive. I have trouble at times making their search engine work.

·         http://www.deamoneta.com/history_search/index This is a smaller auction site, but has excellent archives. Cost to subscribe is modest.

·         http://stevebrinkman.ancients.info/anonymous/#H75-1c This web site shows how to differentiate anonymous denarius by Crawford number.

·         http://stevebrinkman.ancients.info/anonymous/AnonymousVictoriatii.html  This web site shows how to differentiate anonymous Victoraiti by Crawford number.

·         Essays in Honour of Roberto Russo, Ed. By P G van Alfen & R B Witschonke, 2013. Chapter IX by Andrew McCabe gives a provisional arrangement of struck anonymous bronze coins.

·         Aes Grave, E J Haeberlin, 1910, two volumes. An excellent resource, but is expensive and not very available. Reprints can be found at http://www.fornieditore.com The book can be downloaded online at http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&p=1&lang=FR&q=Haeberlin

·         Le Monete dell’Italia antica, Raffaele Garrucci, 1885. Garrucci. I looked for this book because several pre-coin pieces (cast bars, aes rude, etc.) were described using plates from this book. The book is old, large and not very available. But… it can be downloaded online https://archive.org/details/lemonetedellital00garr

·         An excellent web site on Roman Republican Coins and Books by Andrew McCabe  http://andrewmccabe.ancients.info/ Be careful, I think this web site is the entry point for a black hole. I enter the site looking for a single piece of information and hours later I emerge better informed, but also dazed and confused. 

My Gallienus coin was similar to one listed by Forum Ancient Coins:

A couple of recent additions thanks to NAC. I will add more information as time allows.

 Denarius, Cr 89/2

Quinarius, Cr85/1a

A Few Cast Bronze Pieces

Anonymous Cast Sextans, Tortoise

Rome, 230 BC, TV-35, Cr 24/7

Anonymous Cast Semis, Post Semilibral

Rome, 215 – 212 BC, Cr 41/6, TV 71

This coin is only 20 grams, lower than the lowest specimen sited in T&V (22 gr). 

Aes Formatum - Cockle-shell

Central Italy, 5th-3rd century BC

 

Cast AE Uncia, Astragalus Club

Rome, with mintmark, Cr 27/10 260 BC

  

Anonymous, Cast Sextans

Shell and Caduceus

Rome, 280-276 BC; Cr 14/5; TV 5

I obtained these recently. The cast shell is similar to the one shown on the coin, but is "dated" earlier. The cast shell may have been used in trade, or cast as an artistic piece.  

I bought this lot of  aes signatum before the two pieces above. One of the pieces is a fraction of  a cast shell / caduceus, TV5, coin.

Roman Republic Cast Triens, "heavy" Janus-Mercury series, 289 - 245 BC, Thunderbolt; on either side two pellets. Rev. Dolphin swimming r.; below, four pellets. Cr 14/3, H pl. 39, 10. Syd. 38. TV 3.

I have a few more to post when time allows. I have moved my Roman Republican collection from mostly silver denarii to some struck bronze and older pieces like aes rude, aes formatum and aes grave. I have avoided the Imperatorial period due to the higher cost.