Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271
Tetricus II, Emperor of Gallic Empire 273
Gallienus, Co-Augustus (with Valerian) 253 – 260, Augustus 260 - 268.
1.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 18.6 – 19.6 mm; 2.50 g;
gVF, excellent portrait of Victorinus and figure of Salus, well centered, all
letters on flan, revere die worn some but all features present, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme authority
bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first Augustus)
c.
Reverse - SALVS AVG, Salus standing left,
feeding serpent rising from altar, holding staff or spear in right hand.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 71, Cohen 118, Sear 11181.
2.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 18.8 – 20.4 mm; 2.96 g,
VF, good portrait, obverse and reverse well centered, all letters on flan,
reverse die worn enough to make features poor, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse - INVICTVS, SOL walking left, raining
right hand, whip in left.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 114,
3.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 17.7 – 18.6 mm; 2.65 g;
gVF, good portrait of Victorinus and excellent
figure of Providentia, flat spot on obverse, well centered, some letters partial
or missing due to small flan, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse – [PR]OVIDENTIAAVG, Providentia standing
left, baton in right hand, cornucopiae in
left hand and globe at foot. Some lettering missing due to small flan.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC , Cohen 101, Sear 11178
4.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 17.1 – 20.2 mm irregular
flan; 2.82 g, VF, TRACES OF SILVERING, excellent portrait of Victorinus and
good figure of Pax, well centered, some letters partial or missing due to small
flan, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse - PAX AVG – V to left and * to right,
Pax standing left, holding branch in right hand and staff in left.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 118, Cohen 85, Sear 11168.
5.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 19.2 – 20.8 mm; 2.69 g,
gVF, traces of silvering, excellent portrait of Victorinus and good figure of ,
well centered, some letters partial due to obverse slightly off center, reverse
die worn, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse - PIETASAVG, Pietas standing left,
holding spear in right hand and sacrificing out of a patera over alter.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 58, Cohen 91, Sear 11176.
6.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 17.8 – 20.0 mm on
irregular flan; 2.84 g, gVF, good portrait of Victorinus and figure of Salus,
well centered, some letters partial or missing due to narrow flan, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse - SALVS AVG, Salus standing right,
feeding serpent held in her arms.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 122, Sear 11179.
7.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 18.3 – 20.5 mm; 3.53 g, gVF,
good portrait, obverse and reverse centered on irregular flan, some letters
partially off flan, reverse die worn enough to make features poor, brown patina
with some traces of silvering
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse - INVICTVS, SOL walking left, raining
right hand, whip in left.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC 114,
8.
Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271.
The Gallic Empire broke away from the Roman Empire from 260 – 274. Victorinus
was a successful military commander. He was tribune in 266/267 and co-consul of
Rome with Postumus in 268. He succeeded Postumus (Imp of G E 260 – 269) who was
killed when he refused to let his army sack a city his army had just defeated,
Mogontiacum. Postumus was succeeded by Marius, who probably let the troops
sack, Mogontiacum. Marius was killed two or three months later and Victorinus
was declared Imperor. Victorinus was killed by one of his commanders whose wife
he had seduced.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 17.8 – 18.6 mm; 2.69 g,
gVF, some doubling and flatness on
portrait of Victorinus and good figure of Providentia with some flat spots,
well centered, some letters partial or missing due to small and irregular flan,
brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG (Imperator = Commander; Caesar =
heir to the throne; Pius Felix = dutiful to gods and state; Augustus = supreme
authority bestowed by Roman Senate first to Octavian who became the first
Augustus)
c.
Reverse – PROVIDENTIAAVG, Providentia standing
left, baton in right hand, cornucopiae in
left hand and globe at foot.
d.
Mint – Cologne – several potential mints are
listed for this coin with Victorinus’s capitol of Cologne listed often. Several
“barbaric” coins are attributed to local mints.
e.
RIC , Cohen 101, Sear 11178
9.
Tetricius
II, was the son of Tetricus I
and had exactly the same name as his father: C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus. His date
of birth as well as the name of his mother are unknown. In 273 AD Tetricus II
was elevated by his father to the rank of Caesar and given
the title of princeps iuventutis. On 1 January
274 AD he entered in Augusta Treverorum (Trier) upon his first consulship,
which he shared with his father. After the defeat in autumn of 274 AD near
Châlons-sur-Marne and subsequent surrender of his father Tetricus I to the emperor Aurelian, Tetricus II was put on display in
Rome together with his father during Aurelian's triumph, but then pardoned. All
literary sources agree on the fact that his life was spared; according to
Aurelius Victor and the Scriptores Historiae Augustae, he even retained
his senatorial rank and occupied later on many senatorial offices.
Tetricus I was of noble origin, C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus
and was the last emperor of the so-called imperium Galliarum (Gallic
Empire). According to Eutropius (Eutrop. 9.10), he had senatorial rank and
occupied the post of praeses provinciae Aquitaniae at the time when Victorinus was murdered at Cologne in early
271 AD. Through the influence of Victoria, the mother of Victorinus, who bribed the troops in his
favour, Tetricus, although absent, was proclaimed emperor and took the purple
near Burdigalia (Bordeaux) (Eutrop. 9.10) in spring of the same year. Tetricus
I was recognised as legitimate emperor in Gaul and Britain, but not in Spain
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 17.8 – 18.5 mm; 2.20 g,
gVF, very good portrait of Tetricus II, and good reverse strike with some
weakness from old die and die crack, well centered, some letters partial or
missing due to small flan, brown patina
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Tetricus II facing right. CPIVESVTETRICVSCASE: The first letters in the legend
are his name; CASE = Caesar = heir to the throne. This coin was probably struck
in 273 AD when he was elevated to Caesar by his father, Tetricus I.
c.
Reverse – PIETASAVGVSTOR (= Imperial Piety.
Pietas was a Roman goddess. Romans expressed by this word not
only the worship and reverence due towards the gods, but also in an more
extended sense applied it to love and charity borne towards parents, children,
friends, and neighbours, to their country, prince, and soldiers.); religious
instruments of Pontif Maximus: lituus, simpulum, vase, aspersoir; (sacrificial
implements).
d.
Mint – Cologne & Trier – are potential mints
are listed for this coin.
e.
RIC 258, Cohen 60, Sear 11288
10.
Gallienus, Co-Augustus (with Valerian) 253 –
260, Augustus 260 - 268.
a.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 18.1 – 18.5 mm; 2.45 g
b.
Obverse – Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of
Victorinus facing right.
A coin flip with the information above is shown below.
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Victorinus, Emperor of Gallic Empire 269 – 271, a successful
military commander, tribune 266/267, co-consul Rome in 268. He succeeded
Postumus who was killed when he refused to let his army sack a city they just
defeated. Victorinus was killed by a commander whose wife he had
seduced.
Bronze Antoninus, dia = 18.6 – 19.6 mm;
2.50 g; gVF,
Obv – Radiate bust of Victorinus,
right. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG
Reverse - SALVS AVG, Salus standing
left, feeding serpent rising from altar,
RIC 71, Cohen 118, Sear 11181
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